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See the amazing sea turtles at Ostional Wildlife Refuge in Costa Rica

Olive Ridley turtles arrive in Ostional Costa Rica

If you’ve never seen it, the amazing phenomenon of massive arrivals of hundreds of thousands of sea turtles coming ashore all at once to lay their eggs on Costa Rica’s beaches is one of the world’s most spectacular nature events.

The Olive Ridley sea turtles (Lepidochelys olivacea) are world famous for their arribadas (meaning “arrivals” in Spanish) at Ostional National Wildlife Refuge in Costa Rica. This protected nesting beach on the Nicoya Peninsula in Costa Rica can be covered with thousands upon thousands of sea turtles during these huge egg laying sessions.

Founded in 1984, the Ostional National Wildlife Refuge is the second largest nesting site in the world for Olive Ridley sea turtles, along with Leatherback and Pacific Green sea turtles. While sea turtles nest at Ostional Beach on the Pacific Coast at least once a month all year long, the mass arrivals happen from mid-June to December.

Ostional mass turtle nesting in Costa Rica

Usually toward the end of the moon cycle, just before a new moon, the turtles start arriving. In the days and weeks leading up to an “arribada,” the turtles will have gathered just offshore waiting for the moment when it’s time. They wait for the high tide at night, using the high surf to propel them farther up the beach and the protection of darkness against predators. They arrive literally in waves, slowly hauling their heavy bodies out of the surf and up the sand to dig their nests and lay their eggs.

Sea turtles are normally shy and easily disturbed when nesting, hence the requirement during tours to wear dark clothing and not use flashlights or camera flashes. But during an “arribada”, the turtles are nearly oblivious to any disturbance and keep coming ashore long after day has dawned. “Bumping into each other, crawling over each other, they are automatons on their way to fulfill a predetermined task: lay their eggs at all cost,” states Costa Rica National Park Service information.

Ostional National Wildlife Refuge, photo by Daniel Chavarria

The non-stop stream of determined female sea turtles lasts a few days up to a week. The largest “arribada” recorded so far in Ostional happened in November 1995, when close to 500,000 turtles arrived at one time.

Ostional National Wildlife Refuge in Costa Rica, baby sea turtleFemale Olive Ridley sea turtles will nest between four and six times a year, depositing between 80 and 100 white soft-shelled eggs in the sand each time. They cover their shallow nests and return to the ocean, leaving their offspring behind. Although more than 10 million eggs are laid during each season, only a fraction of these will hatch 60 days later; and even fewer hatchlings will make it to the ocean and survive – a reminder of how important it is to protect these endangered turtles.

Turtle eggs at Ostional National Wildlife Refuge

In Costa Rica, it is illegal for people to take sea turtle eggs from the beaches, or to poach or hunt the female sea turtles. Most national parks and nesting beaches in Costa Rica are protected by national park service guards and community volunteers to prevent these thefts.

The Ostional National Wildlife Refuge is the one exception. For the first two days of an “arribada”, the Ostional community has permission to take turtle eggs. The reasoning is that these eggs would get trampled and destroyed as thousands more turtles come ashore to nest in subsequent waves, so park officials let the community practice the old tradition of gathering turtle eggs to eat.
Ostional legal turtle egg harvesting in Costa Rica“So many turtles come onto the beach in a short time span that most of the first nests are destroyed by later turtles. Therefore, in 1987, a project was initiated to allow local people the right to collect and sell a percentage of the eggs from the first two days of each arribada. This is the only place in the world where it is legal to harvest turtle eggs. This practice is designed prevent poaching and to help the local community,” Costa Rica National Park Service information states.

Afterward, national park service guards and community volunteers then dedicate hours both night and day to clean the beach from driftwood and guard the turtles and their nests. When the baby sea turtles hatch and speed toward the sea, community volunteers protect them from dogs and vultures.

L'acqua Viva Resort & Spa in Nosara Costa Rica

See the sea turtles when you stay at L'acqua Viva Resort & Spa
When you stay at L'acqua Viva Resort & Spa, the hotel can arrange guided tours to visit Ostional National Wildlife Refuge to see this amazing sea turtle event. The Nosara hotel is located a short drive from Ostional in Playa Guiones by Nosara.

Article by Shannon Farley

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